The Man.d.?kya Upanis.ad

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Translation based on Thomas E. Wood (1990) and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan & Charles A. Moore (1957), dictionary citations from Arthur MacDonell (1929)

1. Om: this syllable is all this. A further exposition of it is: what was, what is, and what will be--all is only Om. And whatever else is beyond the three times, that also is only Om.

2. All this, indeed, is Brahman. This Self is Brahman[1]. This Self itself has four quarters.

3. The waking state, outwardly cognitive, having seven limbs, having nineteen mouths[2], enjoying the gross[3], the worldly (vaishvanara)[4], is the first quarter.[5]

4. The dreaming state, inwardly cognitive, having seven limbs, having nineteen mouths, enjoying the exquisite, the brilliant (taijasa), is the second quarter.[6]

5. Where one, asleep, does not desire any desire whatever, sees no dream whatever, this is deep sleep. The sleeping state, which has become one, just pure cognition[7], made of bliss (ananda)[8], verily an enjoyer of bliss, whose mouth is thought, the cognitional (praj?a)[9], is the third quarter.[10]

6. This is the lord (?shvara) of all; this is the knower of all; this is the inner controller; this is the source of all, indeed the origin as well as the end of all beings.[11]

7. Not inwardly cognitive, not outwardly cognitive, not cognitive both ways, not pure cognition, neither cognitive nor non-cognitive, unseen, beyond speech, ungraspable, without any distinctive marks, unthinkable, undesignatable, the essence of the knowledge of the one Self, the cessation of the phenomenal world, quiescent, auspicious, nondual (advaita)--[such] they think, is the fourth. He is the Self. He is to be known.[12]

8. This is the Self with regard to the syllable "Om"[13], with regard to the elements: the quarters are the elements and the elements are the quarters: the letter a, the letter u, the letter m.

9. Vaishvanara (the worldly) is the waking state, the letter a, the first element, either from "apti" (obtaining) or from "adimattva" (being first). Verily, he obtains (apnoti) all desires and becomes first (adi)--he who knows this.

10. Taijasa (the brilliant) is the dreaming state, the letter u, the second element, either from "utkars.a" (exaltation) or from "ubhayatva" (intermediateness). Verily, he exalts the stream of knowledge and becomes equal-minded; no one ignorant of Brahman is born in the family of him who knows this.

11. Praj?a (the cognitional) is the sleeping state, the letter m, the third element, either from "miti" (erecting)[14] or from "ap?ti" (merging). Verily, he erects (minoti) this all and he becomes its merging--he who knows this.

12. The fourth is what is without an element, what cannot be dealt with or spoken of, the cessation of the phenomenal world, auspicious, nondual. Thus Om is the very Self. He enters the Self with the Self--he who knows this.

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